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Several research teams have found that newborns prefer their mothers′ voicesover those of other people.
Now a team of scientists has gone an intriguing step further:they have foundthat newborns cry in their native language. \"We have providedevidence that language begins with the very first cry melodies,\" saysKathleen Wermke of the University of Wurzburg, Germany, who led theresearch.
\"The dramatic finding of this study is that not only are newborns capableof producing different cry mel-odies, but they prefer to produce those melodypatterns that are typical for the ambient language they have heard duringtheir fetal life,within the last trimester,\" said Wermke. \"Contraryto orthodox interpretations,these data support the importance of human infants′crying for seeding language development. \"
It had been thought that babies′ cries are constrained by their breathingpatterns and respiratory appara-tus,in which case a crying baby would soundlike a crying baby no matter what the culture is, since babies areanatomically identical. \"The prevailing opinion used to be that newbornscould not actively influence their production of sound,\" saysWermke. This study refutes that claim : since babies cry in differentlanguages,they must have some control (presumably unconscious) over what theysound like rather than being con-strained by the acoustical properties of theirlungs, throat, mouth, and larynx. If respiration alone dictated what a crysounded like, all babies would cry with a falling-pitch pattern, since that′swhat happens as you run out of breath and air pressure on the throat′ssound-making machinery decreases. French babies apparently didn′t get thatmemo. \"German and French infants produce different types of cries, eventhough they share the same physiology,\" the scientists point out.\"The French newborns produce ′ nonphysiological′rising patterns,\"showing that the sound of their cries is under their control.
Although phonemes--speech sounds such as \"ki\" or \"sh\"--don′t cross the abdominal barrier and reach the fetus, so-calledprosodic characteristics of speech do. These are the variations in pitch,rhythm, and intensity that characterize each language. Just as newbornsremember and prefer actual songs that they heard in utero,it seems, sothey remember and prefer both the sound of Mom′s voice and the melodicsignature of her language.
The idea of the study wasn′t to make the sound of a screaming baby moreinteresting to listeners —good luck with that--but to explore how babiesacquire speech. That acquisition, it is now clear, begins months be-fore birth,probably in the third trimester. Newborns \"not only have memorized themain intonation patterns of their respective surrounding language but arealso able to reproduce these patterns in their own I sound I pro- duction,\"conclude the scientists. Newborns′ \"cries are already tuned toward theirnative language,\" giving them a head start on sounding French orGerman (or, presumably, English or American or Chinese or any-thing else:thescientists are collecting cries from more languages). This is likely part ofthe explanation for how babies develop spoken language quickly andseemingly without effort. Sure, we may come into the world wired forlanguage( thank you, Noam Chomsky), but we also benefit from the environmentalexposure that tells us which language.
Until this study, scientists thought that babies became capable of vocalimitation no earlier than 12 weeks of age. That′s when infants listening to anadult speaker producing vowels can parrot the sound. But that′s the beginningof true speech. It′s sort of amazing that it took this long for scientists torealize that if they want to see what sounds babies can perceive, remember, andplay back, they should look at the sound babies produce best. So let the littleangel cry:she′s practicing to acquire language.
What does Kathleen Wermke′s research indicate?

A. Babies are unable to do vocal imitation.

B.Babies' cries could be their early language acquisition.

C. Babies start speech acquisition months after their birth.

D.A crying baby is a crying baby no matter what the culture is.