Text 4　　Arnold Schwarzenegger, DiaMirza and Adrian Grenier have a message for you: It's easy to beat plastic.They're part of a bunch of celebrities starring in a new video for WorldEnvironment Day—encouraging you, the consumer, to swap out your single-useplastic staples to combat the plastics crisis.
　　The key messages that have been put together forWorld Environment Day do include a call for governments to enact legislation tocurb single-use plastics. But the overarching message is directed atindividuals.
　　My concern with leaving it up to the individual,however, is our limited sense of what needs to be achieved. On their own,taking our own bags to the grocery store or quitting plastic straws, forexample, will accomplish little and require very little of us. They could evenbe harmful, satisfying a need to have “done our bit” without ever progressingonto bigger, bolder, more effective actions——a kind of “moral licensing” thateases our concerns and stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge.
　　While the conversation around our environment and ourresponsibility toward it remains centered on shopping bags and straws, we'reignoring the balance of power that implies that as “consumers” we must shopsustainably, rather than as “citizens” hold our governments and industries toaccount to push for real systemic change.
　　It's important to acknowledge that the environmentisn't everyone's priority—or even most people's. We shouldn't expect it to be.In her latest book, Why Good People Do BadEnvironmental Things, Elizabeth R. DeSombre argues that the bestway to collectively change the behavior of large numbers of people is for thechange to be structural.
　　This might mean implementing policy such as a plastictax that adds a cost to environmentally problematic action, or banningsingle-use plastics altogether. India has just announced it will “eliminate allsingle-use plastic in the country by 2022.” There are also incentive-based waysof making better environmental choices easier, such as ensuring recycling is atleast as easy as trash disposal.
　　DeSombre isn't saying people should stop caring aboutthe environment. It's just that individual actions are too slow, she says, forthat to be the only, or even primary, approach to changing widespread behavior.
　　None of this is about writing off the individual.It's just about putting things into perspective. We don't have time to wait. Weneed progressive policies that shape collective action, alongside engagedcitizens pushing for change.

The author concludes that individual efforts _____.

A.canbetooaggressive

B.canbetooinconsistent

C.arefarfromsufficient

D.arefarfromrational