Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which theinformation i derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph i marked with aletter. Answer the questons by marking the corresponding ettr on Answer Sheet2.Why you shouldn't try to be a morning personA) We've all heard it before: to be successful, get out of bed early. After all, Apple CEO Tim Cook gets up at3:45 a. m., Fiat CEO Sergio Marchionne at 3:30 a. m. and Richard Branson at 5: 45 a. m.-and, as we know,The early bird catche the worm. B)Butjust because some successful people wake up early, does that mean it's a trait most of them share? And if theidea of having exercised, planned your day, eaten breakfast, visualized and done one task before 8 a.m. makesyou want to roll over and hit snooze until next Saturday, are you really doomed to a less successfullife? For abouthalf of us, ths isn't really anissue. It's estimated that some 50% of the population isn'treally morning or evening-oriented, but somewhere in the middle.C) Roughly one in four of us, though, tend more toward bright-eyed early isers, and another one in four are nightowls. For them, the effect can go beyond falling asleepin front of the TV at 10 p. m. or being chronically latefor work. Research shows that morning versu evening types show a classicleft-brain versus right-brain division:more analytical and cooperative versus more imaginative and individualitic.D) Numerous studies have found that morning people are more persistent, self-directed and agreeable. They sethigher goals for themselves, plan for the future more and have a better sense of well-being. And compared tonight ows, they're lesslikelyto be depressed, drink o smoke.E) Although morning types may achieve more academically, night owls tend to perform better on measures ofmemory, processing speed and cognitive abliy, even when they have to perform those tasks in the morning.Night-time people are also more open to new experiences and seek them out more. They may be more creative(although not always). And contrary to the maxim (“healthy, wealthy and wise"), one study showed that nightows are as healthy and wise as morning types-and a itle bt wealthier.F) tillthink the morning people sound more like CEO material? Dont set your alarm for 5 a. m. just yet. Asit turnsout, overhauling(彻底修改) yoursleep times may not have much effect. “If people are leftto their naturallypreferred imes thyfee much bette. They sythat they ae much more produtve. The mentalcpcty theyhave is much broader," says Oxford University biologist Katharina Wulff, who studies chronobiology(生物钟学)and sleep. On the other hand, she says, pushing people too far out of their natural preference can be harmful.When they wake early, for example, night ows are til producing melatonin. “Then you dsrupt it and push thebody to be in the daytime mode. That can have lots of negative physiological consequences," Wulff says, like adifferentsensitivity to insulin and glucose-which can cause weight gain.G) In many ways, that makes sense, since research shows that our chronotype, o internal clock, i mainly biological.Researchers even have found that the circadian(生理节奏的) rhythms of human cellsin vitro(试管内) correlatewith the rhythms of the people they were taken from. Up to 47% of it s inherited, which means if you want toknow why you pop up at dawn each day (or never do), you should probably look at your parents. One geneticfactor seems to be the length of the circadian cycle: humans average a 24.2-hour clock, meaning everyone adjustssightly each day to a 24-hour rhythm. But for night owls, the clock often runs longer-meaning that, withoutexternal cues to change, they'll fall asleep and get up later and later over time.H) Your preference does change as you age. Children tend toward morning, with a peak shift toward night aroundage 20 and a slight change back toward morning at around age 50. But compared to your peers, youll probablyalways fal within the same rough part of the spectrum (范围).I) In our rush to figure out the “secrets" of success, we tend to forget a couple of things. First, not ll high achieversare early risers, and not all early risers are successful. Famous late risers include Box CEO Aaron Levie andBuzzfeed CEO Jonah Peretti plus creatives like James Joyce, Gertrude Stein and Gustave Flaubert.J) But more importantly, in a phrase beloved by academics everywhere, correlation isnt causation. In other words,t's not clear that waking up early itself provides the benefit. Instead, it may be that most of us are expected tostart work or school by 8 or 9 a. m. If you're a morning person, a combination of biological changes, from yourhormones to body temperature, will get you up and way ahead of your night owl peers. That means people whoenjoy rising early will be more in line with their workday and likely to achieve more. For a night owl waking at7 a. m., her body sill thinks she'sasleep and is acting accordingly, so she's groggy(昏沉的) for much longer thana morning person who wakes up at the same time.K) Researchers also point out that because evening types often have to function when their bodies don't want to, itmakes sense that they may have worse moods or lower life satisfaction. It may also mean that they've had to figureout how to be more innovative and cut corners—which may encourage their creativity and cognitive skills.L) Because the cultural stereotype is that people who go to bed and rise late are lazy, most people probably try tobecome morning people as much as they can. The only ones who don't may inherently have more rebellious, orindividualstic, traits. But shifting someone's chronotype doesn't necessarily change these traits. As one recentstudy found, even as people tried to become “morning” people, it didn't make them have a better mood or lifesatisfaction, suggesting these traits are “intrinsic components of the late chronotype.M) Other research also has hinted that your sleep preference may be biologically “bundled” with other characterisics.One recent study, for example, found that more visually-creative people had more sleep disturbances, such aswaking several times at night or insomnia. Again, correlation isn't causation. But there may be a connection togenetics. “There is a dopamine receptor gene that has been previously associated with both increased creativity andalso with insomnia and sleep disturbance, " one researcher says.36. Research shows night owls tend to be more imaginative than early risers.37. Evening types can process information faster than morning types.38. Most peopl try ther best to become morning peope because they don't want to be considered lazy.39. Your parents'sleeping habits can have an importan influence on yours.40. A morning person is likely to achieve more because his biological rhythm matches the rhythm of his workday.41. According to Wulff, i a night ow i forced to get up earl for a period of time, he may gain weight.42. Researchers have found that people who rise late are likely to be ess satisfied with ife.43. Only part of early risers are successful, and some famous high achievers are late risers.44. Someone who is a night owi more likely to suffer from depression.45. A 20-year-old man may sleep and rie later than a 53-year-old man.

Section BDiretons In ths secton, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which theinformation i derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph i marked with aletter. Answer the questons by marking the corresponding ettr on Answer Sheet2.Why you shouldn't try to be a morning personA) We've all heard it before: to be successful, get out of bed early. After all, Apple CEO Tim Cook gets up at3:45 a. m., Fiat CEO Sergio Marchionne at 3:30 a. m. and Richard Branson at 5: 45 a. m.-and, as we know,The early bird catche the worm. B)Butjust because some successful people wake up early, does that mean it's a trait most of them share? And if theidea of having exercised, planned your day, eaten breakfast, visualized and done one task before 8 a.m. makesyou want to roll over and hit snooze until next Saturday, are you really doomed to a less successfullife? For abouthalf of us, ths isn't really anissue. It's estimated that some 50% of the population isn'treally morning or evening-oriented, but somewhere in the middle.C) Roughly one in four of us, though, tend more toward bright-eyed early isers, and another one in four are nightowls. For them, the effect can go beyond falling asleepin front of the TV at 10 p. m. or being chronically latefor work. Research shows that morning versu evening types show a classicleft-brain versus right-brain division:more analytical and cooperative versus more imaginative and individualitic.D) Numerous studies have found that morning people are more persistent, self-directed and agreeable. They sethigher goals for themselves, plan for the future more and have a better sense of well-being. And compared tonight ows, they're lesslikelyto be depressed, drink o smoke.E) Although morning types may achieve more academically, night owls tend to perform better on measures ofmemory, processing speed and cognitive abliy, even when they have to perform those tasks in the morning.Night-time people are also more open to new experiences and seek them out more. They may be more creative(although not always). And contrary to the maxim (“healthy, wealthy and wise"), one study showed that nightows are as healthy and wise as morning types-and a itle bt wealthier.F) tillthink the morning people sound more like CEO material? Dont set your alarm for 5 a. m. just yet. Asit turnsout, overhauling(彻底修改) yoursleep times may not have much effect. “If people are leftto their naturallypreferred imes thyfee much bette. They sythat they ae much more produtve. The mentalcpcty theyhave is much broader," says Oxford University biologist Katharina Wulff, who studies chronobiology(生物钟学)and sleep. On the other hand, she says, pushing people too far out of their natural preference can be harmful.When they wake early, for example, night ows are til producing melatonin. “Then you dsrupt it and push thebody to be in the daytime mode. That can have lots of negative physiological consequences," Wulff says, like adifferentsensitivity to insulin and glucose-which can cause weight gain.G) In many ways, that makes sense, since research shows that our chronotype, o internal clock, i mainly biological.Researchers even have found that the circadian(生理节奏的) rhythms of human cellsin vitro(试管内) correlatewith the rhythms of the people they were taken from. Up to 47% of it s inherited, which means if you want toknow why you pop up at dawn each day (or never do), you should probably look at your parents. One geneticfactor seems to be the length of the circadian cycle: humans average a 24.2-hour clock, meaning everyone adjustssightly each day to a 24-hour rhythm. But for night owls, the clock often runs longer-meaning that, withoutexternal cues to change, they'll fall asleep and get up later and later over time.H) Your preference does change as you age. Children tend toward morning, with a peak shift toward night aroundage 20 and a slight change back toward morning at around age 50. But compared to your peers, youll probablyalways fal within the same rough part of the spectrum (范围).I) In our rush to figure out the “secrets" of success, we tend to forget a couple of things. First, not ll high achieversare early risers, and not all early risers are successful. Famous late risers include Box CEO Aaron Levie andBuzzfeed CEO Jonah Peretti plus creatives like James Joyce, Gertrude Stein and Gustave Flaubert.J) But more importantly, in a phrase beloved by academics everywhere, correlation isnt causation. In other words,t's not clear that waking up early itself provides the benefit. Instead, it may be that most of us are expected tostart work or school by 8 or 9 a. m. If you're a morning person, a combination of biological changes, from yourhormones to body temperature, will get you up and way ahead of your night owl peers. That means people whoenjoy rising early will be more in line with their workday and likely to achieve more. For a night owl waking at7 a. m., her body sill thinks she'sasleep and is acting accordingly, so she's groggy(昏沉的) for much longer thana morning person who wakes up at the same time.K) Researchers also point out that because evening types often have to function when their bodies don't want to, itmakes sense that they may have worse moods or lower life satisfaction. It may also mean that they've had to figureout how to be more innovative and cut corners—which may encourage their creativity and cognitive skills.L) Because the cultural stereotype is that people who go to bed and rise late are lazy, most people probably try tobecome morning people as much as they can. The only ones who don't may inherently have more rebellious, orindividualstic, traits. But shifting someone's chronotype doesn't necessarily change these traits. As one recentstudy found, even as people tried to become “morning” people, it didn't make them have a better mood or lifesatisfaction, suggesting these traits are “intrinsic components of the late chronotype.M) Other research also has hinted that your sleep preference may be biologically “bundled” with other characterisics.One recent study, for example, found that more visually-creative people had more sleep disturbances, such aswaking several times at night or insomnia. Again, correlation isn't causation. But there may be a connection togenetics. “There is a dopamine receptor gene that has been previously associated with both increased creativity andalso with insomnia and sleep disturbance, " one researcher says.36. Research shows night owls tend to be more imaginative than early risers.37. Evening types can process information faster than morning types.38. Most peopl try ther best to become morning peope because they don't want to be considered lazy.39. Your parents'sleeping habits can have an importan influence on yours.40. A morning person is likely to achieve more because his biological rhythm matches the rhythm of his workday.41. According to Wulff, i a night ow i forced to get up earl for a period of time, he may gain weight.42. Researchers have found that people who rise late are likely to be ess satisfied with ife.43. Only part of early risers are successful, and some famous high achievers are late risers.44. Someone who is a night owi more likely to suffer from depression.45. A 20-year-old man may sleep and rie later than a 53-year-old man.