In one test, the researchers looked at people's college yearbook photos, and rated their smile intensity from 1 to 10. Scoring was based on the stretch in two muscles: one that pulls up on the mouth, and one that creates wrinkles around the eyes. None of the people who fell within the top 10 percent of smile strength had divorced, while within the bottom 10 percent of smilers, almost one in four had had a marriage that ended, the researchers say. In a second trial, the research team asked people over age 65 to provide photos from their childhood. The researchers scored each person's smile, and found that only 11 percent of the biggest smilers had been divorced, while 31 percent of the frowners had experienced a broken marriage. Overall, the results indicate that people who frown in photos are five times more likely to get a divorce than people who smile. While the connection is striking, the researchers stress that they can't conclude anything about the cause of the correlation (相关性). "Maybe smiling represents a positive disposition (性格) towards life," said study leader Matthew Hertenstein, a psychologist at DePauw University in Indiana. "Or maybe people who smile more often tend to attract more friends, and a larger support network makes it easier to keep a marriage healthy." Hertenstein said he has considered other explanations, such as the possibility that people who smile when a photographer tells them to may have gentle personalities, which makes marriage easier. The results of the study fit into a larger pattern of research that has found many personality characteristics can be determined from very thin slices of behavior. Basically, we often reveal ourselves in the most subtle, simple ways. And smiling in photos has been shown to be connected with a number of traits, including a generally happier disposition. "I think our results go along with a lot of the literature that's been coming out over the last 5 to 10 years, which shows that positive emotionality is incredibly important in our lives," Hertenstein told Live Science. "There are many, many beneficial outcomes to a positive disposition."1. The final purpose for the researchers to score people's smiles is to ________.A) help people predict whether their marriage will surviveB) find out whether smiles relate to marriage outcomes C) find out whether people were happy at their early ageD) reveal whether smiling presents a happier personality2. What do the researchers conclude through the two tests?A) People who smile more often are likely to have a lasting marriage. B) People who frown in their old photos will get a divorce in future.C) Even the biggest smilers might also experience divorce.D) Most frowners take a passive attitude towards marriage.3. According to Hertenstein, why is smiling connected with marriage success?A) Because smiling people have more supporting friends.B) Because smiling people are easy-going and gentle.C) Because smiling people have happier personality.D) He does not know the exact reason for sure. 4. What is the implication of Hertenstein's research and the other similar study?A) It's usually hard to conceal one's personality.B) It's beneficial to reveal our true emotions.C) It's significant to have a positive personality. D) It's important to pay attention to our daily behavior.5. Which one of the following is the best title for the passage?A) Smiles and Personality.B) Smiles and Old Photos.C) Old Photos Predict Personality.D) Smiles Predict Marriage Success.

Psychologists (心理学家) have found that how much people smile in old photos can predict their later success in marriage.  In one test, the researchers looked at people's college yearbook photos, and rated their smile intensity from 1 to 10. Scoring was based on the stretch in two muscles: one that pulls up on the mouth, and one that creates wrinkles around the eyes. None of the people who fell within the top 10 percent of smile strength had divorced, while within the bottom 10 percent of smilers, almost one in four had had a marriage that ended, the researchers say. In a second trial, the research team asked people over age 65 to provide photos from their childhood. The researchers scored each person's smile, and found that only 11 percent of the biggest smilers had been divorced, while 31 percent of the frowners had experienced a broken marriage.  Overall, the results indicate that people who frown in photos are five times more likely to get a divorce than people who smile. While the connection is striking, the researchers stress that they can't conclude anything about the cause of the correlation (相关性). "Maybe smiling represents a positive disposition (性格) towards life," said study leader Matthew Hertenstein, a psychologist at DePauw University in Indiana. "Or maybe people who smile more often tend to attract more friends, and a larger support network makes it easier to keep a marriage healthy." Hertenstein said he has considered other explanations, such as the possibility that people who smile when a photographer tells them to may have gentle personalities, which makes marriage easier.  The results of the study fit into a larger pattern of research that has found many personality characteristics can be determined from very thin slices of behavior. Basically, we often reveal ourselves in the most subtle, simple ways. And smiling in photos has been shown to be connected with a number of traits, including a generally happier disposition.  "I think our results go along with a lot of the literature that's been coming out over the last 5 to 10 years, which shows that positive emotionality is incredibly important in our lives," Hertenstein told Live Science. "There are many, many beneficial outcomes to a positive disposition."1. The final purpose for the researchers to score people's smiles is to ________.A)  help people predict whether their marriage will surviveB)  find out whether smiles relate to marriage outcomes C)  find out whether people were happy at their early ageD)  reveal whether smiling presents a happier personality2. What do the researchers conclude through the two tests?A)  People who smile more often are likely to have a lasting marriage. B)  People who frown in their old photos will get a divorce in future.C)  Even the biggest smilers might also experience divorce.D)  Most frowners take a passive attitude towards marriage.3. According to Hertenstein, why is smiling connected with marriage success?A)  Because smiling people have more supporting friends.B)  Because smiling people are easy-going and gentle.C)  Because smiling people have happier personality.D)  He does not know the exact reason for sure. 4. What is the implication of Hertenstein's research and the other similar study?A)  It's usually hard to conceal one's personality.B)  It's beneficial to reveal our true emotions.C)  It's significant to have a positive personality. D)  It's important to pay attention to our daily behavior.5. Which one of the following is the best title for the passage?A)  Smiles and Personality.B)  Smiles and Old Photos.C)  Old Photos Predict Personality.D)  Smiles Predict Marriage Success.