Certain-|||-jobs have gone away for good,outmoded by machines.Since technology has such-|||-an insatiable appetite for cating up human jobs,this phenomenon will continue to-|||-restructure our economy in ways we cannot immediately forese-|||-When there is rapid improvement in the price and performance of technology-|||-jobs that were once thought to be immune from automation suddenly becom-|||-threatened.This argument has attracted a lot of attention,via the success of the-|||-book Race Against the Machine,by Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfec,who-|||-both hail from MIT`s Center for Digital Business.-|||-This is a powerful argument,and a scary one.And yet, John Hagel,author of-|||-The Power of Pull and other books, says Brynjolfsson and McAfee miss the-|||-reason why these jobs are so vulnerable to technology in the first place.-|||-Hagel says we have designed jobs in the U.S.that tend to be "tightly scripted"-|||-and"highly standardized"ones that leave no room for "individual initiative or-|||-creativity".In short,these are the types of jobs that machines can perform much-|||-better at than human beings. That is how we have put a giant target sign on the-|||-backs of American workers,Hagel says.-|||-It`s time to reinvent the formula for how work is conducted,since we are still-|||-relying on a very 20th century notion of work,Hagel says.In our rapidly changing-|||-cconomy,we more than ever need people in the workplace who can take initiative-|||-and exercise their imagination "to respond to unexpected events"That is not-|||-something machines are good at.They are designed to perform very predictable-|||-activities.-|||-As Hagel notes,Brynjolfsson and McAfee indeed touched on this point in-|||-their book.We need to reframe race against the machine as race with the machine.-|||-In other words,we need to look at the ways in which machines can augment-|||-human labor rather than replace it.So then the problem is not really about-|||-technology, but rather,"how do we innovate our institutions and our work-|||-practices?-|||-31.According to the first paragraph,economic downtums would __-|||-[A]ease the competition of man vs.machine-|||-[B]highlight machines threat to human jobs-|||-[C]provoke a painful technological rev-|||-[D]outmode our current economic structur-|||-32.The authors of Race Against the Machine argue that __-|||-[A]technology is diminishing man`s job opportunities-|||-[B]automation is acclerating technologice-|||-[C]certain jobs will remain intact after automation-|||-[D]man will finally win the race against machine-|||-33.Hagel argues that jobs in the U.S.are often __-|||-[A]performed by innovative minds-|||-[B] scripted with an individual style-|||-[C] standized without a clear target-|||-[D]designed against human creativity-|||-34.According to the last paragraph,Brynjolfsson and McAfee discussed __-|||-[A]the predictability of machine behavior in practice-|||-[B]the formula for how work is conducted efficiently-|||-[C]the ways machines replace human labor in modern times-|||-[D] the necessity of human involvement in the workplace-|||-35.Which of the following could be the most appropriate title for the text?-|||-[A]How to Innovate Our Work Practices?-|||-[B]Machines Will Replace Human Labor-|||-[C]Can We Win the Race Against Machines?-|||-[D]Economic Downturns Stimulate Innovations