______vt.& n.尝试，试图拓展词汇——记一记1．______adj.愿意的，乐意的→______adj.不乐意的2．______vt.保卫，防御；辩解→______n．保卫，防御3．______n．保护，防卫→______vt.保护4．______adj.高兴的，愉快的→______vt.使愉快n．快乐，高兴→______adj.令人高兴的5．______vt.分析→______n．分析6．______n．(作计划或决定时)必须考虑的事→______vt.考虑，打算→______adj.考虑周全的，体贴的7．______adj.政治的→______n．政治8．______n．信仰，信心，信任→______vt.相信9．______vt.宣布，宣告→______n．公告→______n．广播员10．______n．申请(书)，应用→______vt.申请11．______n．解释，说明→______vt.解释12．______vt.雇用→______n．雇用→______n．失业→______n．雇主→______n．雇员④She pretended______when we met in the street，______.(并列句)respect vt.尊敬；尊重；遵守；n.细节；方面；敬意；问候(佳句诵读)I hope airlines can show more respect for passengers and improve service.我希望航空公司能多尊重乘客并提高服务水平。(1)respect sb.for sth.因某事而尊重某人(2)have/show respect for sb.尊重某人out of respect for...出于对……的尊敬；顾及give/send one’s respects to sb.向某人表示敬意(3)in all/many respects在各个方面/在许多方面in respect of关于；就……而言◎巧学巧练6(用respect的相关短语填空)①(2014·江西卷书面表达)In addition，you should______all the teachers who unselfishly help you to gain much knowledge.②Chinese children grow up with warnings not to waste a single grain of rice，______farmers’labor.(句式升级)③我们非常尊敬我们的英语老师。We______our English teacher.④她的谦虚和良好的举止给我们留下了深刻的印象。Her modesty and good behaviours______us.⑤用原因状语从句连接③④句：___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________approach vt.& vi.接近；靠近；n.接近；方法；途径；通道(2015·天津卷单项填空)Absorbed in painting，John didn’t notice evening approaching.由于专心绘画，约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。(1)an approach to...……的方法/通道(2)approach sth.靠近/接近……...be approaching……快到了All the approaches to the airport were blocked by the police.所有通往机场的路都被警察封锁了。◎巧学巧练7(单句语法填空)①The job market has changed and our approach to______(find) work must change as well.②At the meeting they discussed three different______(approach) to the study of mathematics.(一句多译)随着教师节的临近，今年我们班决定换一种方式举行一场晚会来庆祝这个重要的节日。③As Teachers’Day______，our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day for a change this year.④With Teachers’Day______，our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day for a change this year.⑤With Teachers’Day______，our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day for a change this year.⑥As Teachers’Day______，our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day for a change this year.联想发散：注意下面“(做)……的方法”的正确搭配：①the approach to (doing) sth.②the way to do/of (doing) sth.③the means of (doing) sth.④the method of (doing) sth.conclude vt.& vi.结束；推断出(牛津词典)He concluded from their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan.他从他们的话语中推断出他们不赞同这项计划。(1)conclude sth.以……结束conclude that...推断出；断定(2)arrive at/come to/draw/reach a conclusion得出结论in conclusion最后；总之He concluded his speech with a famous saying：“Where there is a will，there is a way.”他以一句名言“有志者事竟成”结束他的演讲。◎巧学巧练8(单句语法填空)①(2014·山东卷书面表达)I drew a______(conclude) from my own experiences that where there is a will，there is a way.②John said he could conclude______Jane’s expression that Jane had stolen his money.③______conclusion，walking is a cheap，safe，enjoyable and readily available form of exercise.(句式升级)④因此，我们可以得出结论。Therefore，we can______.⑤政府应该马上采取有效的措施来保护野生动植物。The government______protect wildlife in no time.⑥用同位语从句连接④⑤句：_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________arise vi.出现；发生；起身；起床(佳句诵读)These are the problems arising out of the lack of communication.这些问题是因为缺乏交流而出现的。一词多义 写出下列句中arise的含义①Seeing his mother return home，the boy arose from his chair immediately.________②A number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing a year ago but ruins.________________③They arose at sunrise to get an early start to the park.________④The number of road accidents and the death arising from/which arises from those accidents has increased greatly over the past years.________辨析：arise，rise，raise与arouse◎巧学巧练9(用arise，rise，arouse，raise填空)①The sun was______when we got to the top of the mountain.②Years of experience in driving made Mr Black convinced that he could deal with emergencies______at any time.③Suddenly I realized that I had stayed here long and______to say goodbye to the host.④Give your child some old machines such as a broken radio or TV set to play with and it will______his curiosity.⑤To______people’s awareness of protecting the environment，we launched a campaign.(一句多译)休息时，我们的班主任开始处理课上出现的问题。(arise)⑥At break，our headteacher got down to dealing with the matter______.(分词作定语)⑦At break，our headteacher got down to dealing with the matter______.(定语从句)第二板块 短语·句式stand out突出，显眼(佳句诵读)My brother’s excellent spoken English made him stand out in a group interview.我的哥哥英语口语好，这使得他在集体面试中脱颖而出。(1)stand sth./doing sth.忍受(做)某事(2)stand for是……意思，代表；支持；象征stand by站在旁边；袖手旁观stand out突出；显眼；杰出stand on one’s own feet自立；不依靠他人(全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)In China，these knots stand for friendship，love and good luck.在中国，这些中国结代表友谊、爱和好运。◎巧学巧练1——用stand短语填空①Children should learn to______rather than just depend on their parents.②After several rounds of competition，the little girl______because of her excellent spoken English and quick response.③Good Heavens！How could you______and allow such a thing to happen!④It’s well­known that the olive branch______peace.consist of由……组成(2015·浙江卷单项填空)Listening is thus an active，not a passive behaviour consisting of hearing，understanding and remembering.聆听是一种积极的行为，而不是被动地接受，它包括听、理解和记忆。(1)consist in (＝lie in)存在于……；在于……consist with一致；符合(2)be made up of由……组成make up组成……Life consists of/is made up of not only sunshine but also hard times.生活中不仅仅有阳光，还有艰难的日子。◎巧学巧练2(单句语法填空)①(2014·福建卷书面表达)Success consists______the ability to continue efforts through failures.②The information consists______what is said in the newspaper.(一句多译)由15家小工厂组成的这家公司正面临着严重的财政危机。③The company______15 small factories is facing a serious financial crisis.(定语从句)④The company______15 small factories is facing a serious financial crisis.(定语从句)⑤The company______15 small factories is facing a serious financial crisis.(现在分词作定语)⑥The company______15 small factories is facing a serious financial crisis.(过去分词作定语)温馨提示：由consist组成的几个短语虽然都具有及物性，但是不能用于被动语态和进行时态。in favour of支持，赞同(佳句诵读)Most of them were in favour of my opinion while David was against it.他们大部分人赞成我的观点，而戴维反对。(1)do sb.a favour帮某人一个忙owe sb.a favour欠某人一个人情(2)in favour of赞成；主张in one’s favour对某人有利(2015·重庆卷写作)You’ve introduced two ways to share books：wild release and controlled release.Of the two，the latter wins my favor.您介绍了两种分享图书的方式：自由分享和定向分享；在这两种方式中，我喜爱后者。◎巧学巧练3(单句语法填空)①—Do you believe that opportunities always______(favourite) the prepared minds?—I couldn’t agree more.②I owed him______favour，so I couldn’t say no.(高考小作文)③(2014·江苏卷书面表达)然而，另外一些人赞成收录(英语词汇)，因为很难说这是否会威胁到汉语。However，______the inclusion because it’s hard to say whether it will______.AIDS is another problem of great concern so sex education and health care administration are extremely important.艾滋病是另一个深受关注的问题，所以性教育和保健管理非常重要。句中of great concern是“of＋n.”结构，表示“深受关注的”。(1) of (＋great，no，little，some，much)＋抽象名词(value，importance，use，help，interest，significance，benefit，necessity等)(2)of (＋different，the same，similar)＋分类名词( kind，type，sort，shape，size，colour，length，depth，width，weight，height，age，date等)(3)of (＋good，bad，nice，fine，serious，high等)＋性质名词(quality，character，characteristics，feature等)As we all know，doing morning exercises is of great benefit to our health.众所周知，做早操对身体有益。◎巧学巧练4——单句写作①约翰逊先生，一位了不起的邮票收藏家，手里有许多不同种类和尺寸的邮票。Mr Johnson，a great stamp collector，has owned stamps______.②国民经济增长的情况对所有现代政府至关重要。The economics of national growth are______to all modern governments.③新西兰葡萄酒质量好，畅销全世界。New Zealand grape wine is______and is sold all over the world.However，not all advertising is about selling products and services for a profit.然而，并非所有的广告都是为谋求利润而销售产品和服务的。该句是表示部分否定的句型。all...not...＝not all...，意为“并非所有的……都……”。(1)部分否定用法含“全部/所有/任何”等意义的词与not连用，如：all，both，everything，always等。(2)全部否定用法英语中的no，none，never，nobody，nothing，neither，no one，nowhere，no more，no longer，no way等表否定意义的词(组)与肯定式谓语一起使用构成“全部否定”。①It’s impossible for all the applicants to get the jobs，because not all of them are fit for them.＝It’s impossible for all the applicants to get the jobs，because all of them aren’t fit for them.并非所有的求职者都能找到工作，因为并非所有人都胜任这些工作。②I knew that nothing would ever discourage him；he would never give up wanting to be a director.

______vt.& n.尝试，试图

拓展词汇——记一记

1．______adj.愿意的，乐意的→______adj.不乐意的

2．______vt.保卫，防御；辩解→______n．保卫，防御

3．______n．保护，防卫→______vt.保护

4．______adj.高兴的，愉快的→______vt.使愉快n．快乐，高兴→______adj.令人高兴的

5．______vt.分析→______n．分析

6．______n．(作计划或决定时)必须考虑的事→______vt.考虑，打算→______adj.考虑周全的，体贴的

7．______adj.政治的→______n．政治

8．______n．信仰，信心，信任→______vt.相信

9．______vt.宣布，宣告→______n．公告→______n．广播员

10．______n．申请(书)，应用→______vt.申请

11．______n．解释，说明→______vt.解释

12．______vt.雇用→______n．雇用→______n．失业→______n．雇主→______n．雇员

④She pretended______when we met in the street，______.(并列句)

respect vt.尊敬；尊重；遵守；n.细节；方面；敬意；问候

(佳句诵读)I hope airlines can show more respect for passengers and improve service.

我希望航空公司能多尊重乘客并提高服务水平。

(1)respect sb.for sth.因某事而尊重某人

(2)have/show respect for sb.尊重某人

out of respect for...出于对……的尊敬；顾及

give/send one’s respects to sb.

向某人表示敬意

(3)in all/many respects在各个方面/在许多方面

in respect of关于；就……而言

◎巧学巧练6

(用respect的相关短语填空)

①(2014·江西卷书面表达)In addition，you should______all the teachers who unselfishly help you to gain much knowledge.

②Chinese children grow up with warnings not to waste a single grain of rice，______farmers’labor.

(句式升级)

③我们非常尊敬我们的英语老师。

We______our English teacher.

④她的谦虚和良好的举止给我们留下了深刻的印象。

Her modesty and good behaviours______us.

⑤用原因状语从句连接③④句：

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

approach vt.& vi.接近；靠近；n.接近；方法；途径；通道

(2015·天津卷单项填空)Absorbed in painting，John didn’t notice evening approaching.

由于专心绘画，约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。

(1)an approach to...……的方法/通道

(2)approach sth.靠近/接近……

...be approaching……快到了

All the approaches to the airport were blocked by the police.所有通往机场的路都被警察封锁了。

◎巧学巧练7

(单句语法填空)

①The job market has changed and our approach to______(find) work must change as well.

②At the meeting they discussed three different______(approach) to the study of mathematics.

(一句多译)

随着教师节的临近，今年我们班决定换一种方式举行一场晚会来庆祝这个重要的节日。

③As Teachers’Day______，our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day for a change this year.

④With Teachers’Day______，our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day for a change this year.

⑤With Teachers’Day______，our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day for a change this year.

⑥As Teachers’Day______，our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day for a change this year.

联想发散：注意下面“(做)……的方法”的正确搭配：

①the approach to (doing) sth.

②the way to do/of (doing) sth.

③the means of (doing) sth.

④the method of (doing) sth.

conclude vt.& vi.结束；推断出

(牛津词典)He concluded from their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan.

他从他们的话语中推断出他们不赞同这项计划。

(1)conclude sth.以……结束

conclude that...推断出；断定

(2)arrive at/come to/draw/reach a conclusion

得出结论

in conclusion最后；总之

He concluded his speech with a famous saying：“Where there is a will，there is a way.”

他以一句名言“有志者事竟成”结束他的演讲。

◎巧学巧练8

(单句语法填空)

①(2014·山东卷书面表达)I drew a______(conclude) from my own experiences that where there is a will，there is a way.

②John said he could conclude______Jane’s expression that Jane had stolen his money.

③______conclusion，walking is a cheap，safe，enjoyable and readily available form of exercise.

(句式升级)

④因此，我们可以得出结论。

Therefore，we can______.

⑤政府应该马上采取有效的措施来保护野生动植物。

The government______protect wildlife in no time.

⑥用同位语从句连接④⑤句：

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

arise vi.出现；发生；起身；起床

(佳句诵读)These are the problems arising out of the lack of communication.

这些问题是因为缺乏交流而出现的。

一词多义 写出下列句中arise的含义

①Seeing his mother return home，the boy arose from his chair immediately.________

②A number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing a year ago but ruins.________________

③They arose at sunrise to get an early start to the park.________

④The number of road accidents and the death arising from/which arises from those accidents has increased greatly over the past years.________

辨析：arise，rise，raise与arouse

◎巧学巧练9

(用arise，rise，arouse，raise填空)

①The sun was______when we got to the top of the mountain.

②Years of experience in driving made Mr Black convinced that he could deal with emergencies______at any time.

③Suddenly I realized that I had stayed here long and______to say goodbye to the host.

④Give your child some old machines such as a broken radio or TV set to play with and it will______his curiosity.

⑤To______people’s awareness of protecting the environment，we launched a campaign.

(一句多译)

休息时，我们的班主任开始处理课上出现的问题。(arise)

⑥At break，our headteacher got down to dealing with the matter______.(分词作定语)

⑦At break，our headteacher got down to dealing with the matter______.(定语从句)

第二板块 短语·句式

stand out突出，显眼

(佳句诵读)My brother’s excellent spoken English made him stand out in a group interview.我的哥哥英语口语好，这使得他在集体面试中脱颖而出。

(1)stand sth./doing sth.忍受(做)某事

(2)stand for是……意思，代表；支持；象征

stand by站在旁边；袖手

旁观

stand out突出；显眼；杰出

stand on one’s own feet自立；不依靠他人

(全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)In China，these knots stand for friendship，love and good luck.

在中国，这些中国结代表友谊、爱和好运。

◎巧学巧练1——用stand短语填空

①Children should learn to______rather than just depend on their parents.

②After several rounds of competition，the little girl______because of her excellent spoken English and quick response.

③Good Heavens！How could you______and allow such a thing to happen!

④It’s well­known that the olive branch______peace.

consist of由……组成

(2015·浙江卷单项填空)Listening is thus an active，not a passive behaviour consisting of hearing，understanding and remembering.聆听是一种积极的行为，而不是被动地接受，它包括听、理解和记忆。

(1)consist in (＝lie in)存在于……；在于……

consist with一致；符合

(2)be made up of由……组成

make up组成……

Life consists of/is made up of not only sunshine but also hard times.

生活中不仅仅有阳光，还有艰难的日子。

◎巧学巧练2

(单句语法填空)

①(2014·福建卷书面表达)Success consists______the ability to continue efforts through failures.

②The information consists______what is said in the newspaper.

(一句多译)

由15家小工厂组成的这家公司正面临着严重的财政危机。

③The company______15 small factories is facing a serious financial crisis.(定语从句)

④The company______15 small factories is facing a serious financial crisis.(定语从句)

⑤The company______15 small factories is facing a serious financial crisis.(现在分词作定语)

⑥The company______15 small factories is facing a serious financial crisis.(过去分词作定语)

温馨提示：由consist组成的几个短语虽然都具有及物性，但是不能用于被动语态和进行时态。

in favour of支持，赞同

(佳句诵读)Most of them were in favour of my opinion while David was against it.

他们大部分人赞成我的观点，而戴维反对。

(1)do sb.a favour帮某人一个忙

owe sb.a favour欠某人一个人情

(2)in favour of赞成；主张

in one’s favour对某人有利

(2015·重庆卷写作)You’ve introduced two ways to share books：wild release and controlled release.Of the two，the latter wins my favor.

您介绍了两种分享图书的方式：自由分享和定向分享；在这两种方式中，我喜爱后者。

◎巧学巧练3

(单句语法填空)

①—Do you believe that opportunities always______(favourite) the prepared minds?

—I couldn’t agree more.

②I owed him______favour，so I couldn’t say no.

(高考小作文)

③(2014·江苏卷书面表达)然而，另外一些人赞成收录(英语词汇)，因为很难说这是否会威胁到汉语。

However，______the inclusion because it’s hard to say whether it will______.

AIDS is another problem of great concern so sex education and health care administration are extremely important.艾滋病是另一个深受关注的问题，所以性教育和保健管理非常重要。

句中of great concern是“of＋n.”结构，表示“深受关注的”。

(1) of (＋great，no，little，some，much)＋抽象名词(value，importance，use，help，interest，significance，benefit，necessity等)

(2)of (＋different，the same，similar)＋分类名词( kind，type，sort，shape，size，colour，length，depth，width，weight，height，age，date等)

(3)of (＋good，bad，nice，fine，serious，high等)＋性质名词(quality，character，characteristics，feature等)

As we all know，doing morning exercises is of great benefit to our health.

众所周知，做早操对身体有益。

◎巧学巧练4——单句写作

①约翰逊先生，一位了不起的邮票收藏家，手里有许多不同种类和尺寸的邮票。

Mr Johnson，a great stamp collector，has owned stamps______.

②国民经济增长的情况对所有现代政府至关重要。

The economics of national growth are______to all modern governments.

③新西兰葡萄酒质量好，畅销全世界。

New Zealand grape wine is______and is sold all over the world.

However，not all advertising is about selling products and services for a profit.然而，并非所有的广告都是为谋求利润而销售产品和服务的。

该句是表示部分否定的句型。all...not...＝not all...，意为“并非所有的……都……”。

(1)部分否定用法

含“全部/所有/任何”等意义的词与not连用，如：all，both，everything，always等。

(2)全部否定用法

英语中的no，none，never，nobody，nothing，neither，no one，nowhere，no more，no longer，no way等表否定意义的词(组)与肯定式谓语一起使用构成“全部否定”。

①It’s impossible for all the applicants to get the jobs，because not all of them are fit for them.

＝It’s impossible for all the applicants to get the jobs，because all of them aren’t fit for them.

并非所有的求职者都能找到工作，因为并非所有人都胜任这些工作。

②I knew that nothing would ever discourage him；he would never give up wanting to be a director.