This is the idea that less labor will be necessary because machines can do so much. In Keynes's vision, the resulting unemployment would be distributed more or less evenly across society in the form of increased leisure. But Friedman says that, for Americans, reality is much darker. Americans now have a labor market in which millions of people those with fewer skills and less education are seeking whatever poorly paid work they can get. This is confirmed by a recent poll that found that, for half of hardly workers, their top concern is not that they work too much but that they work too little. This is most likely not because they like their jobs so much. Rather, we can assume it is because they need the moneyE) This explanation leaves an important question. If the very rich—the workers who have顶端 above average gains from the increased productivity since Keynes's time-can afford to work less, why do they continue to work so much?

D) What Keynes predicted was a very optimistic version of what economists call technological unemployment. This is the idea that less labor will be necessary because machines can do so much. In Keynes's vision, the resulting unemployment would be distributed more or less evenly across society in the form of increased leisure. But Friedman says that, for Americans, reality is much darker. Americans now have a labor market in which millions of people those with fewer skills and less education are seeking whatever poorly paid work they can get. This is confirmed by a recent poll that found that, for half of hardly workers, their top concern is not that they work too much but that they work too little. This is most likely not because they like their jobs so much. Rather, we can assume it is because they need the moneyE) This explanation leaves an important question. If the very rich—the workers who have顶端 above average gains from the increased productivity since Keynes's time-can afford to work less, why do they continue to work so much? (indeed, research has shown that the highest earners in America tend to work the most) Friedman believes that for many top earners, work is a labor of love. They are doing work they care about and are interested in, and doing more of it is not necessarily a burden. For them, it may even be a pleasure. These top earners derive meaning from their jobs and work is an important part of how they think of themselves. And, of course, they are compensated for it at a level that makes it worth their while.____1. As ordinary American workers' average hourly pay had decreased despite increasing productivity, they had to work just as many hours as before to keep their living standards.____2. Friedman believes inequality in the U.S. largely explains why increasing productivity has not resulted in reduced working hours.____3. In the U.S. labor market, the primary concern of people with less schooling and fewer skills is to secure any employment even if it is low-paid.____4. Many of the highest earners have a keen interest in and love for what they are doing.____5. According to Keynes, there would be a shorter working week with everyone's standard of living continuing to rise.(10分)