Poor Tanzanian fishermen are using explosives illegally to kill hundreds of fish in seconds . Blast fishing as it s called not only destroys large numbers of fish directly but indirectly as well by killing coral and the rich array of man in e animals that depend on it . Experts believe that in Tanzania blast fishing is occurring at unprecedented rates . in part because a boom in mining and construction has made it easier for people to get their hands on dynamite . Bottle bombs made with kerosene ( 煤油 ) and fertilizer are also used . It s pretty obvious it s on the rise again says Tim Davenport country director for the New York - based Wildlife Conservation Society s ( WCS ) Tanzania program . Blast fishing in Tanzania dates back to the 1960 sand was outlawed in 1970 . Cheaper and vastly more productive than traditional methods such as basket traps and hook and line it s also dangerous : wrong blasts can shatter limbs even kill people . Robots are common in today's world. They manufacture cars,work in space. explore oceans, clean up oil spills and investigate dangerous environments. And now,scientists at the University of Manchester are using a robot as alaboratory partner.
The rescarchers at the university created the robot in 2009 and named it Adam. Despite the name,Adam is not ahumanoid robot. lt is about the size of a car.
Adam was built to do science and make discoveries.Ross King is the leader of the University of Manchester research team. He says the robot made a discovery about yeast(酵母), a kind of fungus(真菌) used in science as a model for human cells."Adam hypothesized certain functions of genes within y cast and experimentally tested these hypothesizes and confirmed them. So it both hypothesized and confirmed new scientific knowledge."
Adam's success as a scientist led to the creation of another robot scientist named Eve.Researchers developed Even to design and test drugs for tropical and neglected diseases. These discases kill and infect millions of people cachyear.Drug development is slow and costly. Experts say it can take more than 10 years and about $1 billion to discover and develop new medicines. Drug manufacturers are unlikely to get their investmcnt money back.So the University of Manchester developed a low-cost test that shows whether or not a chemical is likely to be made into an effective medicine. Mr. King says that other drug testing methods were not very effective.
"How it works conventionally is you use robotics as well and you have a large collection of possible drugs. You test every single compound.And you start at the beginning of your library and continue until the end, and stop. Soit's not a very intelligent process. The robotics doesn't learn anything as it goes along, even if it's tested a million compounds, it still doesn't have any expectation of what will happen next when it tests a new compound."
Mr. King says that Eve is different because the robot learns as it tests different compounds. He says the robot is designed to ignore compounds that it thinks unlikely to be good. It will only test the compounds which have a good chance of working.
Eve has discovered that a compound known to be effective against cancer might also be used to fight against malaria and other tropical diseases.Mr. King says he hopes to completely automate the drug testing process with robots like Eve to create and testnew chemicals.But he says humans remain in control of the manufacturing proccss.
51.Scientists now are using a robot to?
A. manufacture cars.
B. work in the laboratory.
C. work in space.
D.explore oceans.
52.The purpose of building Adam is to?
A. do science and make discoveries.
B.help people in poor health.
C. do operations on patients.
D. bring happiness to scientists.
53. Which is NOT true according to the passage?
A.Adam looks like a car.
B.Adam's success led to the creation of Eve.
C. tropical and neglected diseases diseases kill and infect millions of people.
D. Drug manufacturers can get their investment money back.
54. Why was a low-cost test developed___?
A.Because scientists want to know whether a chemical is likely to be made into an effective medicine.
B. Because other drug testing methods were not very effective.
C. Because drug development is slow and costly.
D. Because drug manufacturers ask scientists to do so.
55. What's the main idea of the passage_?
A. the uses of robots.
B. robot is used in science researches.
C. scientists are replaced by robots.
D.how to make a robot.